[23][24], At Muir Tech, Robinson played numerous sports at the varsity level and lettered in four of them: football, basketball, track, and baseball. Having no other choice, Mallie moved the family to Pasadena, to live with her brother. The Yankees' Mariano Rivera, who retired at the end of the 2013 season,[294][295] was the last player in Major League Baseball to wear jersey number 42 on a regular basis. Karl Downs. [56][57] Although the Army's initial July 1941 guidelines for OCS had been drafted as race neutral, few black applicants were admitted into OCS until after subsequent directives by Army leadership. [141] Regardless, the report led to Robinson receiving increased support from the sports media. Based on . [131] In the fall of 1946, following the baseball season, Robinson returned home to California and briefly played professional basketball for the short-lived Los Angeles Red Devils. They were the only black family on their block, and the prejudice they encountered only strengthened their bond. He was not allowed to stay with his white teammates at the team hotel, and instead lodged at the home of Joe and Dufferin Harris, a politically active African American couple who introduced the Robinsons to civil rights activist Mary McLeod Bethune. His wife Rachel was present for the dedication on September 15. I'm not concerned with your liking or disliking me all I ask is that you respect me as a human being. [302] Ultimately, more than 200 players wore number 42, including the entire rosters of the Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Mets, Houston Astros, Philadelphia Phillies, St. Louis Cardinals, Milwaukee Brewers, and Pittsburgh Pirates. [197], In 1956, Robinson had 61 runs scored, a .275 batting average, and 12 steals. [52][59][61] The experience led to a personal friendship between Robinson and Louis. [37] Toward the end of his PJC tenure, Frank Robinson (to whom Robinson felt closest among his three brothers) was killed in a motorcycle accident. [35] Robinson received a two-year suspended sentence, but the incidentalong with other rumored run-ins between Robinson and policegave Robinson a reputation for combativeness in the face of racial antagonism. [284] Robinson was among the 25 charter members of UCLA's Athletics Hall of Fame in 1984. He gratefully accepted a plaque honoring the twenty-fifth anniversary of his MLB debut, but also commented, "I'm going to be tremendously more pleased and more proud when I look at that third base coaching line one day and see a black face managing in baseball. [113][114][115] Since the Dodgers organization did not own a spring training facility,[116] scheduling was subject to the whim of area localities, several of which turned down any event involving Robinson or Johnny Wright, another black player whom Rickey had signed to the Dodgers' organization in January. [128] Although he often faced hostility while on road trips (the Royals were forced to cancel a Southern exhibition tour, for example),[72] the Montreal fan base enthusiastically supported Robinson. After his death, his wife established the 'Jackie Robinson Foundation' in 1973 with the aim of providing scholarships for higher education to minority youths. "I do not care if half the league strikes. [191] He was not dissuaded, however, from addressing racial issues publicly. He had 25 grandchildren and. 42 in honor of the player who broke baseball's color barrier . The people were so welcoming and saw Jack as a player and as a man. [19][20][21], In 1935, Robinson graduated from Washington Junior High School and enrolled at John Muir High School (Muir Tech). Early Life. Jackie Robinson's Family. On April 18, 1946, Roosevelt Stadium hosted the Jersey City Giants' season opener against the Montreal Royals, marking the professional debut of the Royals' Jackie Robinson and the first time the color barrier had been broken in a game between two minor league clubs. His father left the family a year later. [72] Robinson's performance soon rebounded. [266] On June 17, 1971, he was killed in an automobile accident at age 24. [170] Ultimately, the Dodgers won the National League pennant, but lost in five games to the New York Yankees in the 1949 World Series. He lost the weight during training camp, but dieting left him weak at the plate. Sharon (born in 1950) had a successful . [74] While there, Robinson met a former player for the Kansas City Monarchs of the Negro American League, who encouraged Robinson to write the Monarchs and ask for a tryout. [35][64], An event on July 6, 1944, derailed Robinson's military career. Jackie was the youngest of five children who grew up in a relatively poor section of Pasadena CA. Born on January 31 51 Deceased on October 24 41 Baseball 44 Family tree Report an error Robinson Willis 1842 - 1870 Robinson Violet 1840 - Love Henry 1848 - Henderson Clara 1845 - 1920 McGriff Jacob 1805 - McGriff Rutha 1810 - Sims Henry 1845 - 1921 Pullens Lucy 1834 - 1904 Robinson Tony 1862 - 1932 Henderson Florence 1864 - 1951 McGriff Washington [43][44] They went undefeated with four ties at 604. [198] After the season, the Dodgers traded Robinson to the arch-rival New York Giants for Dick Littlefield and $35,000 cash (equal to $348,843 today). For a general survey of the media reaction to Robinson at various phases of his career, In addition to Robinson, the 1949 All-Star game featured, Major League Baseball Rookie of the Year Award, History of baseball in the United States Racial integration in baseball, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, 100 most influential people of the 20th century, The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts, List of first black Major League Baseball players, List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders, List of Major League Baseball batting champions, List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders, List of Major League Baseball players who spent their entire career with one franchise, List of Major League Baseball players to hit for the cycle, List of Major League Baseball retired numbers, List of NCAA major college football yearly rushing leaders, List of NCAA major college yearly punt and kickoff return leaders, List of Negro league baseball players who played in Major League Baseball, List of University of California, Los Angeles people, Los Angeles Dodgers award winners and league leaders, "Boston Braves at Brooklyn Dodgers Box Score, April 15, 1947", "Branch Rickey and Jackie Robinson: precursors of the civil rights movement", "In Pharaoh's Land: Cairo, Georgia 19191920", "White House dream team: Jackie Roosevelt Robinson", "Robinson a Baseball Star? [144] The Cardinals players denied that they were planning to strike, and Woodward later told author Roger Kahn that Frick was his true source; writer Warren Corbett said that Frick's speech "never happened". [55] By that time, however, the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor had taken place, which drew the United States into World War II and ended Robinson's nascent football career. [324] His home in Brooklyn, the Jackie Robinson House, was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1976,[325] and Brooklyn residents sought to turn his home into a city landmark. In an interview with Dave Roberts, manager of the L.A. Dodgers, David Robinson shared the true impact of his father's legacy and the values to which Jackie Robinson dedicated his life. [327][328] Robinson also has an asteroid named after him, 4319 Jackierobinson. After Robinson left the army, Rickey, the then-GM of the Brooklyn Dodgers, saw Jackie play for the Kansas Monarchs. [162], Robinson had what was an average year for him in 1952. [121][122], After much lobbying of local officials by Rickey himself, the Royals were allowed to host a game involving Robinson in Daytona Beach. He was born during a Spanish flu and smallpox epidemic. While Mr. Robinson patrolled second base, his wife, Rachel, was combing the Connecticut suburbs for a family home. In the 1960s, he helped establish the Freedom National Bank, an African-American-owned financial institution based in Harlem, New York. The Dodgers tried Robinson in the outfield and as a third baseman, both because of his diminishing abilities and because Gilliam was established at second base. NEW YORK (AP) New York City's Department of Transportation swung and missed with a road sign for the Jackie Robinson Parkway that spelled the baseball Hall of Famer's first name as "Jakie.". [175] The project had been previously delayed when the film's producers refused to accede to demands of two Hollywood studios that the movie include scenes of Robinson being tutored in baseball by a white man. [161] In February 1948, he signed a $12,500 contract (equal to $140,980 today) with the Dodgers; while a significant amount, this was less than Robinson made in the off-season from a vaudeville tour, where he answered pre-set baseball questions and a speaking tour of the South. [265] After his discharge, he struggled with drug problems. [52][97][101] On the same day, with representatives of the Royals and Dodgers present, Robinson formally signed his contract with the Royals. He had 175 hits (scoring 125 runs) including 31 doubles, 5 triples, and 12 home runs, driving in 48 runs for the year. [280] In 1999, he was named by Time on its list of the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Historical statistical analysis indicates Robinson was an outstanding fielder throughout his ten years in the major leagues and at virtually every position he played. [310][311] At Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, a statue of Robinson was introduced in 2017. The UCLA Bruins baseball team plays in Jackie Robinson Stadium,[318] which, because of the efforts of Jackie's brother Mack, features a memorial statue of Robinson by sculptor Richard H. [131][137] However, racial tension existed in the Dodger clubhouse. [24][38], After graduating from PJC in spring 1939,[39] Robinson enrolled at UCLA, where he became the school's first athlete to win varsity letters in four sports: baseball, basketball, football, and track. Larry Doby broke the American League color barrier on July 5, 1947 with the Cleveland Indians. [213][214] Toward the end of his career, he played about 2,000 innings at third base and about 1,175 innings in the outfield, excelling at both. Robinson broke the baseball color barrier, also called the color line, when he debuted with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. [162] In a 127 win against the St. Louis Cardinals on August 29, 1948, he hit for the cyclea home run, a triple, a double, and a single in the same game. On Jackie Robinson Day at Miller Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on Aug. 28, 2020, Brewers and Pittsburgh Pirates players wore No. [335] The only sport this did not affect was men's basketball, which had previously retired the number for Walt Hazzard (although Kevin Love was actually the last player in that sport to wear 42, with Hazzard's blessing). [148] On April 22, 1947, during a game between the Dodgers and the Philadelphia Phillies, Phillies players and manager Ben Chapman called Robinson a "nigger" from their dugout and yelled that he should "go back to the cotton fields". On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [299] The gesture was originally the idea of outfielder Ken Griffey Jr., who sought Rachel Robinson's permission to wear the number. American baseball player Jackie Robinson (1919 - 1972) of the Brooklyn Dodgers. [319] The stadium also unveiled a new mural of Robinson by Mike Sullivan on April 14, 2013. This guy didn't just come to play. Airport police asked Robinson to leave, but he refused. During Jackie Robinson 's youth in California, his older . [326] In 1978, Colonial Park in Harlem was renamed after Robinson. [162] The year saw the release of a film biography of Robinson's life, The Jackie Robinson Story, in which Robinson played himself,[174] and actress Ruby Dee played Rachel "Rae" (Isum) Robinson. What's more, I say he can make us all rich. [50] In the spring, Robinson left college just shy of graduation, despite the reservations of his mother and Isum. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born near Cairo, Georgia in 1919, the son of sharecroppers and the grandson of enslaved workers. Even The Sporting News, a publication that had backed the color line, came out against the idea of a strike. [163] The Dodgers briefly moved into first place in the National League in late August 1948, but they ultimately finished third as the Braves went on to win the league title and lose to the Cleveland Indians in the World Series. [55] Robinson then accepted an offer from his old friend and pastor Rev. Robinson also led the NCAA in punt return average in the 1939 and 1940 seasons. Jesse Simms, the grandson of Jackie Robinson, is carrying on his family's legacy through Minor League Baseball. [186] Robinson missed the game because manager Walter Alston decided to play Gilliam at second and Don Hoak at third base. [48], While a senior at UCLA, Robinson met his future wife, Rachel Isum (b.1922), a UCLA freshman who was familiar with Robinson's athletic career at PJC. Jackie Robinson Research Papers. on May 7, 1938. 1986 Words8 Pages. With Eddie Stanky entrenched at second base for the Dodgers, Robinson played his initial major league season as a first baseman. It was announced Monday that Simms has been hired as a special . [243] He also served as the bank's first chairman of the board. In a letter read during the ceremony, Rachel Robinson, Jackie's widow, wrote: "I remember Montreal and that house very well and have always had warm feeling for that great city. [10][11][12] His middle name was in honor of former President Theodore Roosevelt, who died 25 days before Robinson was born. [205], Robinson's career is generally considered to mark the beginning of the post"long ball" era in baseball, in which a reliance on raw power-hitting gave way to balanced offensive strategies that used footspeed to create runs through aggressive baserunning. Along with the museum, scholarships will be awarded to "young people who live by and embody Jackie's ideals. Photo via Google Maps . 470 Jackie Robinson Family Photos and Premium High Res Pictures - Getty Images Images Creative Editorial Video Creative Editorial FILTERS CREATIVE EDITORIAL VIDEO 470 Jackie Robinson Family Premium High Res Photos Browse 470 jackie robinson family stock photos and images available, or start a new search to explore more stock photos and images. [270][271] Many of his former teammates, other famous baseball players, and basketball star Bill Russell served as pallbearers, and the Rev. It was a painful search, derailed by racist brokers and neighbors who were afraid that selling to an African-American family even to Mr. and Mrs. Jackie Robinson would cause lower property values, block busting, or worse. [239][240] In 1972, he served as a part-time commentator on Montreal Expos telecasts. The rotunda was dedicated at the opening of Citi Field on April 16, 2009. [167] Sisler taught Robinson to anticipate a fastball, on the theory that it is easier to subsequently adjust to a slower curveball. January 31, 1919 Georgia. [86], During the season, Robinson pursued potential major league interests. [211] After playing his rookie season at first base,[93] Robinson spent most of his career as a second baseman. That season, the Dodgers' Don Newcombe became the first black major league pitcher to win twenty games in a year. [19] As a result, Robinson joined a neighborhood gang, but his friend Carl Anderson persuaded him to abandon it. [259][260], After Robinson's retirement from baseball, his wife Rachel Robinson pursued a career in academic nursing. Jack Roosevelt Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia in 1919 to a family of sharecroppers. [316] On August 20, 2007, California Governor Arnold Schwarzenegger and his wife, Maria Shriver, announced that Robinson was inducted into the California Hall of Fame, located at The California Museum for History, Women and the Arts in Sacramento. [168][169], That year, a song about Robinson by Buddy Johnson, "Did You See Jackie Robinson Hit That Ball? [129][130] Whether fans supported or opposed it, Robinson's presence on the field was a boon to attendance; more than one million people went to games involving Robinson in 1946, an astounding figure by International League standards. His family were sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia. [46], In track and field, Robinson won the 1940 NCAA championship in the long jump at 24ft 10+14in (7.58m). [243] In 1964, he helped found, with Harlem businessman Dunbar McLaurin, Freedom National Banka black-owned and operated commercial bank based in Harlem. City Island Ballpark in Daytona Beach, Florida was renamed Jackie Robinson Ballpark in 1990 and a statue of Robinson with two children stands in front of the ballpark. [296][297] There have also been calls for MLB to retire number 21 league-wide in honor of Roberto Clemente, a sentiment opposed by the Robinson family. In December 1956, the NAACP recognized him with the Spingarn Medal, which it awards annually for the highest achievement by an African-American. [188] Sportswriter Dick Young, whom Robinson had described as a "bigot", said, "If there was one flaw in Jackie, it was the common one. [23][243] Robinson always considered his business career as advancing the cause of black people in commerce and industry. Jackie was the youngest of five children, four boys and a girl, born to impoverished sharecroppers Jerry and Mallie Robinson. Jack had three children with his wife, Rachel Robinson; Jackie Robinson Jnr. "[153] Regarding Robinson's qualities on the field, Leo Durocher said, "Ya want a guy that comes to play. "[93][95] After obtaining a commitment from Robinson to "turn the other cheek" to racial antagonism, Rickey agreed to sign him to a contract for $600 a month, equal to $9,031 today. [273], After Robinson's death, his widow founded the Jackie Robinson Foundation, and she remains an officer as of 2021. Jackie Robinson was born in 1919 into a family of sharecroppers in Cairo, Georgia, and went on to become the first black player in the modern era of Major League Baseball. [93] For the performance Robinson earned the Most Valuable Player Award for the National League. [208] He accumulated 197 stolen bases in total,[162] including 19 steals of home. After it was published, National League President Ford Frick and Baseball Commissioner Happy Chandler let it be known that any striking players would be suspended. [333] The house, at 8232 avenue de Gasp near Jarry Park, was Robinson's residence when he played for the Montreal Royals during 1946. [15][16][17], The extended Robinson family established itself on a residential plot containing two small houses at 121 Pepper Street in Pasadena. Because of his off-season activities, Robinson reported to training camp 30 pounds (14kg) overweight. [127] Robinson proceeded to lead the International League that season with a .349 batting average and .985 fielding percentage,[23] and he was named the league's Most Valuable Player. [190], In 1953, Robinson had 109 runs, a .329 batting average, and 17 steals,[162] leading the Dodgers to another National League pennant (and another World Series loss to the Yankees, this time in six games). Robinson's older brother was a silver medalist at the Olympics. [263], Robinson's eldest son, Jackie Robinson Jr., had emotional trouble during his childhood and entered special education at an early age. Rachel and their three children, Jackie Jr., Sharon and David, provided Jackie with the emotional support and sense of purpose essential for bearing the pressure during the early years of baseball. David Robinson, the youngest child of Jack and Rachel Robinson, was born in 1952. [106] Larry Doby, who broke the color line in the American League the same year as Robinson, said, "One of the things that was disappointing and disheartening to a lot of the black players at the time was that Jack was not the best player. Family sources cite financial concerns. The local Boys and Girls . [23], In 1965, Robinson served as an analyst for ABC's Major League Baseball Game of the Week telecasts, the first black person to do so. [243][253] In 1968 he broke with the Republican party and supported Hubert Humphrey against Nixon in that year's presidential election. [66][70], After Robinson's commander in the 761st, Paul L. Bates, refused to authorize the legal action,[71] Robinson was summarily transferred to the 758th Battalionwhere the commander quickly consented to charge Robinson with multiple offenses, including, among other charges, public drunkenness, even though Robinson did not drink. Jackie Robinson died in 1972, a year after Jackie Jr. died. And if any of you cannot use the money, I will see that you are all traded. "[334], On November 22, 2014, UCLA announced that it would officially retire the number 42 across all university sports, effective immediately. If half the league strikes ] at Dodger Stadium in Los Angeles, a.275 batting average and..., which it awards annually for the dedication on September 15 19 of... 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[ 208 ] he also served as a part-time commentator on Montreal Expos.... What was an average year for him in 1952 the report led to Robinson receiving increased from... Pitcher to win twenty games in a year after Jackie Jr. died encountered only strengthened their.. 25 charter members of UCLA 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 1984 's military career respect me as a.... Old friend and pastor Rev 5, 1947 with the Brooklyn Dodgers 310 ] [ ]! ] he was killed in an automobile accident at age 24 the Dodgers, saw play... Of five children who grew up in a relatively poor section of Pasadena CA a New mural of Robinson Mike... Named by Time on its list of the player who broke baseball & # x27 ; s color on... At third base scholarships will be awarded to `` young people who live by and embody Jackie ideals... 197 stolen bases in total, [ 162 ] including 19 steals of home 284 ] Robinson then an! Among the 25 charter members of UCLA 's Athletics Hall of Fame in 1984 year Jackie! 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